旅寓安南
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唐代]：杜审言
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交趾殊风候，寒迟暖复催。
仲冬山果熟，正月野花开。
积雨生昏雾，轻霜下震雷。
故乡逾万里，客思倍从来。
旅寓安南译文及注释
译文
岭南的气候真特殊，严寒来得迟，暖风又常吹。山果冬天熟，野花正月开。
雨天生雾气，霜天会打雷。故乡远在万里外，这特殊的气候使我的乡愁更加倍。
注释
安南：唐代六都护之一，本交州都督府，属岭南道。今越南河内。
交趾：汉武帝所置十三刺史部之一，辖境相当今广东、广西的大部和越南的北部、中部。后来泛指五岭以南。该诗中指越南北部。风候：即风物气候。
催：催促。
仲冬：即农历十一月，为冬季的第二个月。
正月：农历一月。
积雨：连续下雨；积存的雨水。
轻霜：薄霜。震雷：响雷，霹雳。
逾：超出；越过。
从来：由来，历来，向来，往常。
参考资料：
1、赵建莉．初唐诗歌赏析：广西教育出版社，1990年09月第1版：163
2、楚梅编著． 楚梅居笔谭 上 诗境岭南 历代岭南山水诗词选择：广东人民出版社，2005.05：71页
旅寓安南创作背景
唐中宗神龙元年（705年），杜审言被流放到峰州（今越南河西省山西西北）。他途经安南（今越南河内），因怀念家乡在客舍或驿站中写了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、葛兆光著．唐诗选注：人民文学出版社，2007.11：18
2、徐定祥注．杜审言诗注：上海古籍出版社，1982：17
旅寓安南鉴赏
首联中“交趾”一词点题，交代了羁旅的地点是古代的交趾。这“交趾’’的名称首先就给人一个奇异的印象。相传这里的人因脚趾长得不同一般，所以才称为交趾人的，地便是因人而得名。然而使诗人惊叹的却是这里的“特殊风候”。安南与中原大不相同的是风物气候，这是诗人身临其境的真切感受。次句“寒迟暖复催”，紧承起句高度概括出安南的气候特点，寒冷的季节晚而短暂，温暖的季节早而久长。
颔联着重写景物，上句“仲冬山果熟”，描绘高寒山区在仲冬时节果实累累，仿佛中原的秋天一样。这对北国人来说实在新鲜。这也是对首联中“寒迟”的进一步具体化描写。下句“正月野花开”，写的是新春正月山花烂漫，可见气候非常温和，如同中原夏季，这是对上联中“暖复催”的进一步具体描绘。
颈联着重描叙天气，“积雨生昏雾”，是写安南经常长时间阴雨不断，一到夏秋便成雨季，积水不干，雾气濛濛的。“轻霜下震雷”，指在冬天里仍然雷声震震。轻霜，即薄霜，说明安南只有冬日最冷时才有薄霜，这与北方深秋便下霜的情况不同。这些现象在一般中原人看来都是不可能的。
诗人在这颔联和颈联里，描绘了山果、野花、积雨、昏雾、震雷，都是人们日常生活中常见的平凡事物，仅用了仲冬、正月、熟、开、生、下等几个时令词和动词，加以精巧的组合，就造成了奇妙的意境，表现了四时不同的景色和气象，把交趾的“殊风候”毕现在笔端。这是诗人近一年来流寓安南生活体验的形象总结和意绪的流露，有惊奇、有兴奋、有赞美、有惆怅。面对这一派十足的异域风光，诗人自然又会触目伤怀。
尾联照应题目直抒羁旅之情，“家乡逾万里，客思倍从来。”“逾万里”是渲染其远，并非指实写。安南距中原实际上只有五六千里路，在古代交通不便，也是数月的行程，与家人难通音讯，所以作客的愁思胜于往常。诗人多年宦游他乡，贬谪也不止这一次，“客思”原是经常有的，但都比不上这次流寓安南时深重。这不仅仅是路程遥远的缘故，也暗寓有对这次的“严谴”怀有极大的愤懑。
该诗中诗人的语言通俗，明白如话，不以故饰，不事雕凿，风格朴实自然。在诗中诗人善于捕捉景物的特征，仅仅抓住典型环境中几种富有代表性的事物，稍加点染描绘，便意象翩跹，情趣盎然，显得笔法精炼。
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李白《
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赋得白鹭鸶送宋少府入三峡》
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杜甫《
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绝句二首·其二》
杜审言简介
唐代·杜审言的简介
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杜审言（约645-708），字必简，汉族，中国唐朝襄州襄阳人，是大诗人杜甫的祖父。唐高宗咸亨进士，唐中宗时，因与张易之兄弟交往，被流放峰州（今越南越池东南）。曾任隰城尉、洛阳丞等小官，累官修文馆直学士，少与李峤、崔融、苏味道齐名，称“文章四友”，是唐代“近体诗”的奠基人之一，作品多朴素自然。其五言律诗，格律谨严。
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