鹧鸪天·建康上元作
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宋代]：赵鼎
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客路那知岁序移，忽惊春到小桃枝。天涯海角悲凉地，记得当年全盛时。
花弄影，月流辉，水晶宫殿五云飞。分明一觉华胥梦，回首东风泪满衣。
鹧鸪天·建康上元作译文及注释
译文
被贬作客的途中哪有心思去记节气时序的变迁，忽然惊喜地发现艳丽的春光全都凝结到小桃枝上。我虽然而今被贬到天涯海角这凄凉之地，但还记得当年繁华盛世时的京城风光。
月夜下繁花舞弄着清影，月光流泻出琼玉般的银辉，月色下的宫殿如水晶般晶莹五色祥云楼顶飞扬。分明是做了一场繁华美梦，回首东风泪满衣衫。
注释
建康：即今南京市。
上元：指元宵节。
那：也写作“哪”。
岁序：岁时的顺序，岁月。
小桃：初春开花的一种桃树。
悲凉地：指建康（今南京市）。
水晶宫殿：用水晶装饰的宫殿，形容极其豪华辉煌，泛指宋汴京宫殿。
五云：王色瑞云，多指吉祥征兆，代指皇帝所在地。
华胥（xū）梦：指梦境。
参考资料：
1、陈长喜．中国历代词曲赏读（上册）：天津古籍出版社，2007.09：369
2、郭彦全．历代词今译：中国书店，2000.01：221
鹧鸪天·建康上元作创作背景
宋钦宗靖康二年（1127年）春，北宋灭亡，宋室南迁。是年秋，赵鼎南渡，沿水路至仪真，作者大约于年底或次年初至建康，于上元节（元宵节）之夜写下了这首抒发故国之思的词作。
参考资料：
1、陈学广．词学散步：黄山书社，2004.10：255
鹧鸪天·建康上元作鉴赏
上片“客路那知岁序移，忽惊春到小桃枝”，词人起首即发出感叹，如今身在异地，竟不知时光节序转换得如此之快，等到惊觉时，春色早已催生了小桃枝上的花蕊。“小桃”是桃树的一个品种，在上元节前后开花，由此呼应词题中所言时令。不知不觉又是一年，而在过去的一年中，故土沦亡，自己四处漂泊，此时回望，真有“往事不堪回首”之恨。
词人此时身处都城建康，却怀着深深的羁旅悲凉情怀，这不仅是因为他离开了故乡，更因为他从此再难回到故乡。半壁江山已沦入他手，这个不容否认的事实逼得词人发出“天涯海角悲凉地”的忧凄之语。北宋汴京与南宋建康在地理位置上远远称不上“天涯海角”，但江山易主的剧变，以及战火延绵。有家不得归的事实，使词人感觉两者的距离有如天涯海角。
“记得当年全盛时”一句，是作者面对建康上元节时的凄凉景况而生出对过去的怀恋。“记得当年”，回忆北宋过往繁华。词人遥想当年，汴京的上元节是多么盛大热闹，“全盛时”三字，言辞精炼，感情激越，仿佛记忆中的繁华盛景正汹涌而来，喷薄而出。
下片则具体讲述“全盛时”的景象，但词人却并不堆金砌玉，而是以“花弄影，月流辉，水精宫殿五云飞”这样清空虚渺的意象，暗示当时汴京城的旖旎风情。花影婀娜，月芒如水，宫殿晶莹剔透，飞云绚丽美好，如此美的景致，最终仍是被铁蹄踏碎，一梦成空，令人“回首泪满衣”。
末句“东风”呼应起首“小桃枝”，使词意密合。“分明一觉华胥梦”中“分明”二字，表现出词人梦醒后的清醒，以及意识到这种清醒之后的悲哀。词作开端“那知”、“忽惊”，即流露出如梦初醒的意味。及至一句“记得当年”，又使词人沉浸入过往的“梦境”之中。最后，又因意识到家国残破而从梦中惊醒，不由得泪湿衣襟，难以自已。可见，“梦”在这首词中包含有多层蕴意，既表示词人个人的感情归宿，也用以比喻国破家亡、繁华如梦的苍凉情怀。
词中还运用了回忆对比的手法：以今日之悲凉，对比昔日之全盛；以梦中之欢乐，对比现实之悲哀。这种艺术手法冲破时间、空间的束缚，一任感情发泄，姿意挥写，哀而不伤，刚健深挚，与一般婉约词、豪放词均有不同。
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刘辰翁《
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柳梢青·春感》
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苏轼《
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蝶恋花·密州上元》
赵鼎简介
唐代·赵鼎的简介
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赵鼎(1085-1147)， 南宋政治家、词人。字元镇，自号得全居士。南宋解州闻喜（今属山西）人。宋高宗时的宰相。有《忠正德文集》10卷，清道光刊本。《四印斋所刻词》有《得全居士词》一卷，存词45首。
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