牧童词
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唐代]：李涉
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朝牧牛，牧牛下江曲。
夜牧牛，牧牛度村谷。
荷蓑出林春雨细，芦管卧吹莎草绿。
乱插蓬蒿箭满腰，不怕猛虎欺黄犊。
牧童词译文及注释
译文
早晨去放牛，赶牛去江湾。
傍晚去放牛，赶牛过村落。
披着蓑衣走在细雨绵绵的树林里，折支芦管躺在绿草地上吹着小曲。
腰间插满蓬蒿做成的短箭，再也不怕猛虎来咬牛犊。
注释
朝（zhāo）：早晨；日出的时候。
蓑（suō）：蓑衣，用草或棕编的防雨用具,类似于雨衣。
莎草：多年生草本植物。多生于潮湿地区或河边沙地。茎直立，三棱形。叶细长，深绿色，质硬有光泽。夏季开穗状小花，赤褐色。地下有细长的匍匐茎，并有褐色膨大块茎。块茎称“香附子”，可供药用。
蓬蒿（hāo）：“茼蒿”的俗称。
黄犊（dú）：小牛。
荷：披着，背上。
牧童词鉴赏
诗的大意是：因为村子四周禾黍稠密，怕牛吃了庄稼，所以把它远远地放入陂中。沿河的陂岸，泉甘草美，真是个放牧的好地方；放到这儿来的牛可多着哩！牛自由自在的吃草，喝水，牧童又何尝不想到山坡上和别的放牛娃去玩一会儿；可是讨厌的鸟儿，在天空盘旋。它们饿了，老是要飞到牛背上去啄虮虱。怎能丢下不管呢？牛性是好斗的，特别是牧童放的这头小白牛更淘气，它时而低头吃草，时而举头长鸣。这鸣声该不会是寻找触角的对象的信号吧？真叫人担心，一刻也不能离开它。此时，牧童耳边忽然传来一个熟悉的声音，有人卷着芦叶在吹口哨。他知道是他的同伴放着牛在堤的那一边，于是他也学着样儿，卷着叶子吹起来，互相应和；一面监视着这正在吃草的牛，抖动几下手里的长鞭，并且向牛说了下面两句警告的话。这话里是有个典故的。
原来，北魏时，拓跋辉出任万州刺史，从信都到汤阴的路上，因为需要润滑车轮的角脂，派人到处生截牛角，吓得老百姓不敢把牛放出来。这一横暴故事在民间广泛流传，牧童们谁都知道。“官家截尔头上角”，是这牧童挥鞭时随口说出来的。这话对无知的牛来说，当然无异“弹琴”，可是在牧童却认为是有效的恐吓。这是值得深长思之的。
唐朝自安史乱后，藩镇割据，内战不停。官府借口军需而抢夺、宰杀民间耕牛，是极常见的事。和张籍同时的诗人元稹在《乐府古题·田家词》里就有所反映：“六十年来兵簇簇，月月食粮车辘辘。一日官军收海服，驱车驾车食牛肉。”连肉都被吃光，那头上两只角截下熬角脂，自然不在话下。这就是当时的客观现实。对于这种现实，张籍这诗里并未作任何描写，只是结尾时借放牛娃的口，轻轻地点了一下，笔意在若有若无之间，而人民对官府畏惧和对抗的心情，也就可以想见了。
全诗十句，是一幅绝妙的牧牛图。前八句生动曲折地描绘了牧场的环境背景、牧童的心理活动和牛的动态，情趣盎然。然而诗的主题并不在此；直到最后两句，读者才能看出诗人用意之所在。从前面八句转入最后两句，如信手拈来，用笔十分自然；寓尖锐讽刺于轻松调侃之中，用意十分明快而深刻。
诗歌语言朴直清新，明白如话，表现出一种“由工入微，不犯痕迹”的精湛功夫。
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陈献章《
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元夕》
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柳永《
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迎新春·嶰管变青律》
李涉简介
唐代·李涉的简介
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李涉（约806年前后在世），唐代诗人。字不详，自号清溪子，洛（今河南洛阳）人。早岁客梁园，逢兵乱，避地南方，与弟李渤同隐庐山香炉峰下。后出山作幕僚。宪宗时，曾任太子通事舍人。不久，贬为峡州（今湖北宜昌）司仓参军，在峡中蹭蹬十年，遇赦放还，复归洛阳，隐于少室。文宗大和（827-835）中，任国子博士，世称“李博士”。著有《李涉诗》一卷。存词六首。
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