折桂令·中秋
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元代]：张养浩
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一轮飞镜谁磨？照彻乾坤，印透山河。玉露泠泠，洗秋空银汉无波，比常夜清光更多，尽无碍桂影婆娑。老子高歌，为问嫦娥，良夜恹恹，不醉如何？
折桂令·中秋鉴赏
这首散曲抒发的是中秋夜一醉方休的情致，因此作者着力描写的是月光的澄彻，通过对澄彻月光的反复渲染创造出一种异常宁静的境界氛围。“一轮……山河”起首一句，排空而入，造语奇崛。中秋之夜，月亮格外圆满明净，给人一种新奇之感。以“飞镜”作比，使人产生一种不知是从何处突然飞来挂到天上的联想。而“谁磨”一问，更造成一种月光明亮无比的情势。正因月光亮得出奇，才引起作者发此惊问。下面两句，转入对月光的具体描写，但作者没有进行正面描绘，而是采用侧面烘托的手法来表现月光的明亮。天地人间，山川原野，都被照耀得如同白昼，“彻”、“透”两字，形象地表现了月光照耀的程度。“玉露……无波”两句，又从另一侧面来写，只是它比前两句写得更加空灵。作者从玉露着眼，写玉露将秋空洗得“银汉无波”。那莹洁如玉的秋露，正是皓月映照下的特有产物。“比常夜……婆娑”，秋光如洗，月色较往常更为明净。纵使如此，也并没有妨碍月中桂树展现其优美洒落的身影。这是对前面的一个总结，同时又从明月本身来进行描写。前人曾有“斫却月中桂，清光应更多”（杜甫《一百五日夜对月》）的诗句，这里却一反其意，用“桂影婆娑”的清晰影像来反衬月光的澄彻。通过多侧面多层次的反复渲染，烘托出一种明月如水，清幽静谧的氛围。面对此情此境，作者不禁情从中来，他引吭高歌，并向月中的嫦娥发问：在这美好宁静的月夜，怎能不举杯痛饮，一醉方休呢？
同样写月，不同的作者、不同的主题会有不同的观察角度和不同的写法。李白的《月下独酌》抒发的是世无知音的寂寞之感，他笔下的月既不解饮，又不懂情，无知而冷漠。苏轼的《水调歌头·明月几时有》抒发的是坎坷路途中的落寞情怀，他想象中的月宫是“高处不胜寒”，强调的是“月有阴晴圆缺”。张养浩的这首散曲抒发的则是中秋之夜一醉方休的情致，因此，作者着力描写的是月光的澄彻，通过对澄彻月光的反复渲染，创造出一种异常宁静的境界氛围。李白、苏轼等人的咏月名作都是将明月与人事紧紧交织在一起来写，忽景忽情，情景交融。这首散曲却与此不同。它把主要笔墨都用在了对明月的描写上，只是最后才在前面描写的基础上点出作者内心的感受。这种先景后情、情因景生的写法似乎已经成了常规，写不好，往往会落入俗套。其关键在于景要切，情要真，两者融合得自然。这首散曲成功的奥秘也就在这里。
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查慎行《
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中秋夜洞庭湖对月歌》
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苏辙《
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水调歌头·徐州中秋》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。
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