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智汇词典a>成语词典破釜沉舟破釜沉舟的故事
破釜沉舟的成语故事

拼音pò fǔ chén zhōu
基本解释釜:古代的一种锅;舟:船。砸碎锅子;凿沉船只。比喻战斗到底。
出处西汉 司马迁《史记 项羽本纪》:“项羽乃悉引兵渡河,皆沉船,破釜甑,烧庐舍,持三日粮,以示士卒必死,无一还心。”
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破釜沉舟的典故
秦朝末年,各地人民纷纷举行起义,反抗秦朝的暴虐统治。农民起义军的领袖,最著名的是陈胜、吴广,接着有项羽和刘邦。下面,讲一个项羽破釜沉舟的故事。有一年,秦国的三十万人马包围了赵国(那不是原来的那个赵国)的巨鹿(今河北省平乡县),赵王连夜向楚怀王(不是原来那个楚国的国王)求救。楚怀王派宋义为上将军,项羽为次将,带领二十万人马去救赵国。谁知宋义听说秦军势力强大,走到半路就停了下来,不再前进。军中没有粮食,士兵用蔬菜和杂豆煮了当饭吃,他也不管,只顾自己举行宴会,大吃大喝的。这一下可把项羽的肺气炸啦。他杀了宋义,自己当了“假上将军”,带着部队去救赵国。项羽先派出一支部队,切断了秦军运粮的道路;他亲自率领主力过漳河,解救巨鹿。楚军全部渡过漳河以后,项羽让士兵们饱饱地吃了一顿饭,每人再带三天干粮,然后传下命令:把渡河的船(古代称舟)凿穿沉入河里,把做饭用的锅(古代称釜)砸个粉碎,把附近的房屋放把火统统烧毁。这就叫破釜沉舟。项羽用这办法来表示他有进无退、一定要夺取胜利的决心。楚军士兵见主帅的决心这么大,就谁也不打算再活着回去。在项羽亲自指挥下,他们以一当十,以十当百,拚死地向秦军冲杀过去,经过连续九次冲锋,把秦军打得大败。秦军的几个主将,有的被杀,有的当了俘虏,有的投了降。这一仗不但解了巨鹿之围,而且把秦军打得再也振作不起来,过两年,秦朝就灭亡了。打这以后,项羽当上了真正的上将军,其他许多支军队都归他统帅和指挥,他的威名传遍了天下。
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